Best & Worst Places in America for Journalists

Best & Worst States for Journalists

It’s reasonable to assume that a smart young journalist would simply head to the coasts to find media work; after all, cities like New York, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles are media hubs. But those cities also are incredibly expensive, and journalism is a notoriously low-paying job, especially for inexperienced workers.

In fact, our analysis found that the middle of the country — Oklahoma, to be specific — is overall the best state for journalists.

D.C., a traditional media hub and the nation’s capital, ranks in the top 15, and New York, the country’s other news media mecca, comes in at No. 18. The worst-performing state is Oregon with a score more than twice as high as Oklahoma’s.

Let’s break down results from each state, and you can jump to the bottom of the page to see more details on the methodology and data sources:

Best & Worst Cities for Journalists

Understanding which states are the most friendly to journalists is only part of the story. After all, most of us don’t really move to a state; we move to a city that just so happens to be in a particular state. And if our state-level list felt counterintuitive, never fear; when it comes to the best cities for journalists, the top two on the list are probably the exact ones you’d imagine:  Washington, D.C., and New York City.

While D.C. and New York perform about as you’d expect given the sheer numbers of media jobs located there, the remainder of the highest performers seems surprising, as they’re all relatively small cities: Kansas City, Minneapolis and Louisville round out the top five.

By far the worst city for journalists is San Jose, California, in the heart of Silicon Valley. The area’s rankings across the categories are all at or near the bottom. Among the other low-performing cities, another (Riverside) is in California, but the remainder of the bottom five are all the way across the country — Nashville, Baltimore and Buffalo.

Employment & Earnings

Any dedicated journalist will tell you that money isn't the reason they got into the news business — and the numbers back that up. Journalism has never been a particularly lucrative field, and in recent years it's gotten tougher. The median reporter earns about $62,200 per year as of May 2025. Meanwhile, public relations specialists — a role with a similar skill set — earn nearly $75,000 per year. It's clear reporters are leaving a lot of money on the table by pursuing journalism.

Still, journalism is tough work, and some places in the U.S. offer a much better outlook than others.

States

Note: For the reporter/correspondent occupation, the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not list a median income, so the overall median for the state was substituted.

Cities

Note: Data for multiple cities was unavailable for the reporter/correspondent occupation, so the overall median for all occupations was substituted for San Jose, San Francisco, Baltimore and Buffalo.

Cost of Living

A relatively low salary can be hugely offset by a low cost of living, and there’s no doubt that many of the cities and states that generally are assumed to be prime targets for young journalists also are among the most expensive.

States

Cities

Circulation

While not all journalists work at newspapers, print news remains an important and helpful analog for understanding the health of the industry. More Americans get their news online than in print, but even those who get their news online, the original source is often a newspaper.

Despite that, newspaper circulation has been in a prolonged decline. 2022 saw a 10 percent drop in circulation for Sunday newspapers compared to the previous year according to the Pew Research Center, continuing a trend of steep losses that stretches back decades.

Two notable exclusions from this list are USA Today and the Wall Street Journal, which both are circulated across the United States. They each have average circulation figures of over 1.5 million.

States

Note: This excludes the 17 states for which no papers are listed in the top 100 for total circulation.

Cities

Attacks on Media

General hostilities against the press have heated up, and it's not just in the United States. UNESCO, which keeps a record of journalist killings worldwide since 1993, has recorded over 1,700 deaths so far. In 2018, five journalists were killed in the U.S., four of them during the horrific mass shooting of the Capital Gazette newsroom in Maryland.

It's not just about the killings, however. Each year, hundreds of journalists worldwide are sent to prison. Even in the U.S., over 600 journalists faced violence while doing their jobs in 2020, the highest number in recorded history by far.

The U.S. Press Freedom Tracker, a joint effort by the Freedom of the Press Foundation and the Committee to Protect Journalists, monitors attacks on the press, whether in the form of physical attacks, arrests, rhetoric or other attempts to restrain press freedom.

Over 300 incidents have been cataloged over the past several years, with a large share taking place or impacting journalists in D.C. and California.

For many incidents, no city is listed, so this metric has impacted only the state rankings.

Conclusion

Without a free press, those who would seek to take advantage of the American public would likely be able to do so without fear of consequences. A strong, independent press holds those in power to account in a way that individual citizens cannot do.

The average American spends a significant amount of time every day consuming news, whether in print, on TV or online. Behind each of those headlines and every one of those longform thinkpieces is a team of journalists who've decided to devote their lives to a job whose public perception still ranks behind undertakers.

In this fractious age where news happens seemingly nonstop, it can be helpful to pause for a moment and consider that without a journalist, you wouldn’t even know that news happened.